DIFFICULTIES OF LISTENING

http://www.bbc.co.uk/1xtra/tx/documentaries/jack_johnson.shtml

This podcast was about Jack Johnson. He was the first black Heavyweight Champion of the World and was hated for it. About his fights-that it could last for more than a hundred rounds, and a single round could take up to twenty minutes. And that he doesn’t stop there: Johnson married white women when you could lynched for just looking at them. Plus he was the original player. Jack dressed sharply, with a mouth full of gold teeth, and a garage full of cars.
Listening was quite difficult, because there spoke native speakers. Speaker‘s accent was British, I think, and very clear. I have listened it twice to understand everything clear and I have used dictionary. I can say that it is difficult to understand native speakers therefore I need much better vocabulary, listening practice.
The length of podcast was about 25 minutes. The rate of speaking was average and there was no transcript.
To conclude, I can say, that I have to do a lot of listening practice, watch English films, travel to reach my pike.

DIFFICULTIES OF LISTENING

I have listened podcast about slavery. It was really enjoyable, interesting and easy understandable. Enjoyable- because there were a lot of songs, which were so interesting and musical. Interesting- because I have heard a lot information about slavery, it's history. Understandable- because the rate of speaking was quite slow (despite some people, who spoke very fast and I couldn't understand any thing) and good pronunciation. I think that there was British accent. And there spoke native speakers. There was no transcription.
Therefore, it was enough to listen this podcast once for me and it was unnecessary to use a dictionary nor it was about 23 minute length.
In my opinion, I need a lot of practice if I want to do my best at the exam. And to improve my listening skills I have to do a lot of things- listen English music, watch English films, shows, to talk much more in English. Because without it, we can fail.

PRISON IN THE UK AND LITHUANIA

In the UK there are more than 85000 prisoners in about 160 jails. The majority are in England and Wales. Entering the prison, all people have to pass reception, which checks identity and monitoring number. For new arrivals are given new clothes. They are seen by a nurse- to check who have used drugs or medication. There is segregation between prisoners in UK. Accommodations are quite good- single cells and dominorities too. There are recreation areas, showers, offices and food survey. Toilets are in cells and prisoners are allowed to have TV’s.

All of prisoners have access to education. They can learn English, cooking. Of course there are spiritual care of prisoners. Breakfast, lunch, evening cost about 1.87 pounds per day per prisoner. Prisoners eat in their cells. They are given caloric food. There are facilities to encourage exercise and good health. For all prisoners there is possibility to visiting relatives. Dogs checks if people who are coming have no drugs. Most visits take place in a desiguanted room. Family visits are held once a month.

And in Lithuania one prisoner costs about 11000 litas per year and 50 litas per day. Most of prisoners are without education and aged 21-30. There are 16 jails in Lithuania and about 8400 prisoners. There are very good possibilities of education and work.

To conclude I can say, that the biggest difference between Lithuania and UK is, that in UK prisons are more modern and there is better security.

CIVIL AND PUBLIC LAW

Civil and public law have differences.In civil law action is taken among citizensand in public law action is taken between the state.Diferences in categorie, too.The main categories of civil law are contacts,torts,trusts,probate and family law and the main categories of public law are crimes,constitutional law,international law.And differences between civil and public law procedures.In civil procedure sentence is an award of money or damages to be paid by one part to the other and in criminal procedure sentence is a fine or imprisonment.Furthermore, the standards of proof are lower in a civil action than in a criminal one.The prosecution must prove the guilt of a criminal beyond reasonable doubt.Evidence from a civil action is more necessarily admissible as evidence in a criminal trial about the same matters.And there are similarities of civil and public law.The loser of a civil case may be forced to comply in a criminal prosecution and the loser of a civil action has to pay a criminal penalty as well.The defendant in a criminal case will not be found liable in a civil action about the same matters.
To conclude, these two laws have a lot of differences but a lot of similarities too, and they both are located to people.

EMPLOYMENT LAW SUMMARY

Employment law is a legislation of workers rights which protects employees in their works.There are some important employee rights and one of them is compensation if a person is dismissed unfairly. The Employment Protection Act gives women the right to return to work after having a baby. People who are discriminated at work have the right to make a complaint to an industrial tribunal. European Court ruled that different ages for receiving retirement pension were legal. There is a conflict between EC and English law.It is related with Sunday trading and with the right to strike.In Britain stores can sell whiskey but not coffee;magazine but not books and etc. and all strikes in Britain can be ,if they have support by a majority vote of workers. In Japan workers don't ask paying for overtime working. But they live in big cities because their employer provide low-cost accommodation.To sum up, better work conditions are in Western countries.

CRIME

Is a state of opposition, disagreement, incompability between two or more people, or groups of people, which is sometimes characterised by psychical violence. Military conflicts between states may constitute war. In political terms "conflict" refers to an outgoing state of hostility between two or more groups of people. There are a lot of types and models of conflicts: intrapersonal, interpersonal, emotional, group, organization, community, international, ideological, diplomatic, economic, military, religious- based and others conflicts.Causes of conflicts: skills and abilities, personalities, perception, values and ethics, emotions, cultural differences.Conflicts may stem from a variety of causes, and understanding them is the first step in dealing with it effectively.1. there is a perceived breach of faith and trust between individual.2. unresolved disagreement that has escalated to an emotional level.3. Miscommunication leading to unclear expectations.4. Personal clashes.5. Differences in acquired values.6. Underlying stress and tension.7. Ego problem.8. Combinations of the above.And how we could work out conflicts? Firstly, to stop, before you lose control of your temper and make the conflict worse. Secondly, say, what you fell is the problem. Thirdly, listen to the other person's ideas and feelings. And lastly, think of solute or that will satisfy both of you.And what can i say on my own? I like arguing, shoving that I have very strong and my opinion. I don't like agreeing with others.

THE PROBLEM WITH GUNS

The problem with guns is straightforward:they make it easy to kill on injure a person. The obvious dangers are, that: approximately 60% of all murder victims in the USA were killed with firearms,in robberies and assaults, victims are far more likely to die when the perpetrator is armed with a gun that when he or she has another weapon or is unarmed.Obviously, there are different types of gun murder. There is 1st degree, premeditated murder, in which case the gun just made it easier, but the killer probably would have killed anyway.Acquaintance murders are done in the heat of passion, and criminal negligence.And in lots of countries "self- defense" is commonly cited as a reason to own a gun. Guns are used for: suicides, self-defense, women's self- defense, collective self- defense.And statistics shows that 40 %of all US have guns; 81% say that gun control will be an important issue in determining which Congressional candidate to vote for; 91%say that there should be at least minor restrictions on gun ownership; 57% say that there should be major restrictions or a ban.And what can government to do with it? I think, that fundamental role of government is to secure the public safety and security. Fewer guns means fewer deaths from homicide, suicide and unintentional deaths. In my opinion, Lithuanians atitude to this gun problem is quite rational. Because if you want to have a gun, you have to pass a lot of commissions and to do another things- you have to be healthy, not to have mental illnesses...Having a gun is a real responsibility for yourself and others.